Faseb Alpya-lipoic. As Pre-game nutrition for golf Alphaa-lipoic, α-lipoic acid has powerful anti-disease properties, such as those against cancer, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, biliary elimination should be the focus of future research on the human metabolism of α-lipoic acid Teichert et al.

Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support -

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Aquac Environ Interact — Download references. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Sharkia, Egypt. Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.

Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Alzeraa Street, Zagazig, , Sharkia Province, Egypt. Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo BUC , Badr City, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt.

Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Ras Sidr, Egypt. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt.

Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt.

Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinic, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. AB: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and writing—original draft. HAG: conceptualization, methodology, and writing—review and editing.

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Behairy, A. et al. Dietary alpha-lipoic acid boosts growth, immune-antioxidant traits, behavior, and transcriptomes of antioxidant, apoptosis, and immune-related genes to combat cold stress in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquacult Int Download citation. Received : 17 October Accepted : 07 December Published : 23 December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Abstract Water temperature is a major environmental factor affecting fish activity, physiology, behavior, and growth. Effects of extended dietary supplementation with Santalum album essential oil on hemato-biochemical changes, innate immune response, antioxidant status, and expression of related gene in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Article 01 February The effects of Bacillus species probiotics Bacillus subtilis and B.

licheniformis on the water quality, immune responses, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Fusarium solani infection Article Open access 06 July Nano-selenium impacts on growth performance, digestive enzymes, antioxidant, immune resistance and histopathological scores of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Aspergillus flavus infection Article Open access 30 August Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction Increases in tilapia production Oreochromis Spp. Materials and methods Diet preparation ALA C 8 H 14 O 2 S 2 Thiotacid was supplied by the Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Company 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt.

Table 2 Oligonucleotide primer sequences and real-time PCR conditions Full size table. Results Clinical observation Throughout the feeding trial, fish that reared at 25 °C and fed a basal diet or ALA-fortified diet displayed a normal appetite and normal swimming behavior during the experimental period.

niloticus exposed to cold water stress CWS for 60 days Full size table. Table 4 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the hematophysiological parameters of O. Table 5 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the serum biochemical parameters of O.

Full size image. Table 6 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the behavioral responses of O. Table 7 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the Histological criteria of liver, spleen, and intestine of O. Discussion The study findings demonstrated an elevated stress response after fish exposure to CWS 18 °C for 60 days on the hemato-biochemical, immunological, behavioral, and molecular markers.

Conclusion This study concluded that cold exposure at 18 °C causes oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in Nile tilapia. Abbreviations AChE: Acetylcholine esterase ALA: Alpha lipoic acid C3: Complement 3 CAT: Catalase CWS: Cold water- stress FBW: Final body weight FCR: Feed conversion ratio GPx: Glutathione peroxidase Hb: Hemoglobin Hsp Heat shock protein IBW: Initial body weight IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCV: Mean corpuscular volume MDA: Malondialdehyde Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCV: Packed cell volume RBCs: Red blood cells ROS: Reactive oxygen species SGR: Specific growth rate SOD: Superoxide dismutase TWG: Total weight gain WBCs: White blood cell counts.

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α-Lipoic acid or its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid quenches several oxygen-free radical species in both aqueous and lipid phases Sacks et al. The available report suggests that α-lipoic acid could improve the sperm motility rate and reduce sperm DNA damage, thereby improving sperm quality Ibrahim et al.

Also, α-lipoic acid shows the positive effect in oocyte maturation, embryo development, and reproductive outcome Dong et al. Regular administration of α-lipoic acid reduces the pelvic pain in endometriosis and regularizes the menstrual blood flow.

α-Lipoic acid represents a promising new molecule for infertility and additional clinical studies are recommended in the future. Cigarette smoking is a detrimental effect on the genital system of rat models due to oxidative stress. Smoking has a negative effect on the genital system via hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α , TNF-α, caspase 3, and the calcitonin gene-related peptide CGRP in the uterus, and α-lipoic acid protected against the negative effects on the female reproductive system Asci et al.

α-Lipoic acid also promoted decreasing effects of nicotine-induced skin, lung, and liver damage Ateyya et al. Microorganisms are responsible for various types of skin- and gut-related disorders. The gradual enhancements in the rapidity of resistance to antibiotics turn to rise in oral pathologies.

α-Lipoic acid was found to inhibit the growth of various oral microorganisms to a large extent, such as Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans.

α-Lipoic acid can arrest the growth of Candida albicans thereby exhibiting antifungal activity which is directly proportional to its concentration Zhao et al. α-Lipoic acid also arrests the growth of Cronobacter sakazakii strains with the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC in the range from 2.

It was corroborated that α-lipoic acid shows antimicrobial potential for affecting the membrane integrity, causing dysfunction of the cell membrane and alterations in cellular morphology.

Recent studies also state that ALA is also effective against Rickettsia rickettsii , which is a constrained intracellular bacterium that generates Rocky Mountain spotted fever. α-Lipoic acid has significant ability to penetrate nucleus and affect intracellular actin-based mobility Eremeeva and Silverman ; Sahni et al.

α-Lipoic acid has the potential for protection against mycotoxin and treatment of mycotoxicosis Rogers Another report suggested that α-lipoic acid has protective efficacies against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative damage in the liver Li et al. The beneficial effect of α-lipoic acid combined with other antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin gallate, affects the life span and age-dependent behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Phulara et al.

In a nutshell, α-lipoic acid is an important molecule as antimicrobial, antifungal, antinematodal, and antiviral properties affecting multiple targets.

This combination affects the menstrual rate of women with PCOS positively, irrespective of their metabolic phenotype and with a higher dose of myo-inositol more evident and insulin-independent effect is seen de Cicco et al. D-Chiro-inositol and α-lipoic acid, in a combination treatment, may have a strong impact on metabolic profile in women with PCOS Cianci et al.

In PCOS, α-lipoic acid also decreases oxidative damage and insulin resistance. Endometriosis can be prevented and treated by a combination of N -acetyl cysteine, α-lipoic acid, and bromelain. α-Lipoic acid supplementation in patients with a suspected miscarriage to improve subchorionic hematoma resorption is a promising field of investigation.

In addition, α-lipoic acid could be used to prevent diabetic embryopathy and premature fetal membrane rupture caused by inflammation. Finally, α-lipoic acid can be used safely to treat neuropathic pain and as a dietary supplement during pregnancy di Tucci et al.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic COVID has emerged as a rapidly spreading communicable disease that currently affects all nations throughout the world.

Although the virus has been found in the stool and urine of infected people, the likelihood of alternative channels of transference cannot be ruled out. The sickness is primarily spread through large respiratory droplets Princess Diabetes patients are more likely to get an infection.

According to research, patients with the coronavirus that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS and pandemic influenza A were seen as having diabetes as a substantial risk factor for mortality with H1N1 influenza Yang et al. Of people who died from COVID in Wuhan, China, According to a theory Sayıner and Serakıncı, , α-lipoic acid controls the immune system by controlling T-cell activation, making it a useful treatment candidate for the cytokine storm that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection.

According to studies, treating diabetic patients with α-lipoic acid will help them fight COVID Cure and Cure α-Lipoic acid is a short-chain fatty acids SCFAs derived from the fermentation of vegetables and meat and modulates the gut microbiota without reducing the microbial diversity Tripathi et al.

A recent study showed that α-lipoic acid and the SCFAs produced by Ruminococcaceae rejuvenated aged intestinal stem cells by preventing the age-associated endosome reduction Du et al. α-Lipoic acid takes part in crucial biological operations, together with the fixation and modulation of mitochondrial multi-enzyme complexes, oxidation of amino acids and carbohydrates, removal of ROS, and harmonization of energetic metabolism Shay et al.

At a younger age, the human body can synthesize α-lipoic acid itself in the required amount, but its quantity remarkably decreases with age, which is supposed to be connected to age-related organic dysfunction Hagen et al.

Drosophila midgut is an appropriate prototype structure for the learning of mechanisms underlying the age-associated decline in stem cell function. A decrease in differentiation efficiency and a malignant increase in proliferation rate takes place in the intestinal stem cells inside the midguts of Drosophila when it ages.

Thus, the mRNA and protein expression of Las in Drosophila intestinal stem cells go through a significant depletion in response to aging, which in turn causes a curtailment of α-lipoic acid in midguts of aged flies.

α-Lipoic acid has so many molecular targets for disease management and biological action Fig. It doubles the levels of PPAR-mRNA and protein while decreasing the activation of the c-Jun N -terminal kinase JNK signaling pathway Rousseau et al. α-Lipoic acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhances glucose absorption by targeting the DNAJB3 DnaJ heat shock protein family and mRNA molecule Diane et al.

According to reports, it lowers the NALP-3 inflammasome in the endometrium of women who experience idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss Di et al. By inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, α-lipoic acid has significant antiproliferative effects.

By blocking the transforming growth factor beta TGFβ signaling pathway, α-lipoic acid prevents breast cancer cells from migrating and encroaching Tripathy et al.

Glucose fluctuations in diabetic encephalopathy encourage neuronal death. α-Lipoic acid has renoprotective effects on rat kidneys damage brought on by iron overload through inhibiting NADPH oxidase 4 and p38 MAPK signaling Cavdar et al. α-Lipoic acid diminishes the serum immunoglobulin E IgE levels of the atopic dermatitis mice model and enhances splenic B cell counts in endotoxemia mice which showed that IgE plays a modulating role in the expansion, death, and function of B-cells.

Recent studies show that α-lipoic acid enhances cAMP synthesis by activation of EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin receptors in peripheral blood T-cells. The enhanced level of cAMP inside cells reduces the expression of IL-2 and IL-2Rα CD25 that in turn influence expansion, death, and function of T-cells.

Natural killer NK cells have two main functions: cytotoxicity and interferon gamma IFN-γ secretion. IFN-γ is a powerful macrophage activator for both lysis and phagocytosis. Although α-lipoic acid has long been discovered as an antioxidant, it has also been demonstrated to improve glucose and ascorbate treatment, activate phase II detoxification via the transcription factor Nrf2, increase eNOS activity, and lower expression of MMP-9 and VCAM-1 through repression of NF-κB.

α-Lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, could be used for their chemical properties as a redox pair to modify protein conformations by forming mixed disulfides. Beneficial effects are accomplished with low micromolar levels of α-lipoic acid, suggesting that its therapeutic potential extents beyond the precise definition of an antioxidant agent.

α-Lipoic acid is a well-known antioxidant consumed to remedy a variety of disorders, though it is assumed a very secure supplement and intoxication is extremely infrequent, acute excessive-dose ingestions can cause mortality Emir et al.

The safety of α-lipoic acid can be evaluated using sub-chronic and acute toxicity studies. Studies have estimated an adult dose of α-lipoic acid up to mg with no severe side effects; however, excessive dose of α-lipoic acid is not suggested as it does not add any other therapeutic or nutritional advantage Cremer et al.

Furthermore, studies associated with α-lipoic acid conducted on primates displayed that more lethal dose would lead to hepatic necrosis, indicating that excess doses of intravenous α-lipoic acid can be able to produce resistance Vigil et al. α-Lipoic acid has also been shown to reverse the adverse health effects of mycotoxins Rogers Skin and gastrointestinal disorders are the most frequently reported adverse effects for α-lipoic acid-containing dietary supplements Gatti et al.

Allergic reactions like rashes, hives, and itching are the side effects of the oral intake of α-lipoic acid.

However, effects like vertigo, diarrhea, and vomiting are dose dependent. It is suggested that the use of α-lipoic acid should be discouraged immediately if any allergic reaction occurs Ziegler et al. α-Lipoic acid is used either as an excipient or as a main therapeutic ingredient in various types of nanoformulations size of about 1— nm ; due to this small size, it has a very large surface area and hence high area of contact which enhances the therapeutic effect of drug particle incorporated Jong and Borm It can be formulated in the form of nanostructure lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nano-emulsion.

Silver nanoparticles AgNPs are extensively considered for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial outcome and can be employed instantly in biomaterials; however, the cellular protection of specific AgNP formulations should be profiled earlier for clinical utilization.

AgNPs can be able to outcome the evocation of oxidative harm and inflammatory lesions in human gingival fibroblast cells Jin et al. AgNPs capped with α-lipoic acid decrease toxicity as compared to other capping agents Verma et al. Studies show that α-lipoic acid-capped AgNPs possess antimicrobial effects at low concentrations 2.

Docetaxel, acytotoxic taxane diterpenoid sold under the brand name taxotere, is an antimicrotubule agent effective as chemotherapy medication to treat several types of cancer, including metastatic breast cancer Lyseng-Williamson and Fenton Co-delivery of docetaxel and α-lipoic acid using solid lipid nanoparticles SLNs as a carrier demonstrated remarkably higher uptake efficiency along with better cytotoxic and apoptotic capability and assured a better treatment of breast cancer Kothari et al.

The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions of α-lipoic acid, as well as the effectiveness of the encapsulation approach, can boost the efficiency and stability of α-lipoic acid, and reduce the neurotoxicity caused by AlCl3.

Furthermore, α-lipoic acid-SLNs outperform α-lipoic acid-chitosan nanoparticles Metwaly et al. HOMO—LUMO plots of the two enantiomers of α-lipoic acid a S -enantiomer; b R -enantiomer.

The biological roles of α-lipoic acid are highly varied, as this review has shown. In fact, as a bioactive agent, we are aware of only a few substances that act as diverse as α-lipoic acid. Determining the specific cause-and-effect relationship between α-lipoic acid and its cellular targets will therefore be crucial.

Whether α-lipoic acid directly controls the hormonal signals that trigger subsequent pharmacological effects on target organs is a subject that needs more investigation. In this way, α-lipoic acid strengthens learning and short-term memory in aged rodents and encourages an anorectic effect in rodents that is AMPK-dependent Shay et al.

Given that α-lipoic acid is almost entirely absorbed from the human gastrointestinal tract, metabolized, and excreted, negligible free α-lipoic acid is retained in tissues.

As recently established in mice, rats, and dogs, different β-oxidation and mono- and bis- S -methylation products of the sulfydryl groups appear to be implicated in urine metabolic patterns Fig. Additionally, biliary elimination should be the focus of future research on the human metabolism of α-lipoic acid Teichert et al.

Many studies have reported on the pleiotropic and medicinal activities of α-lipoic acid since its discovery in , followed by isolation and synthesis in the s Gomes and Negrato A molecular and electronic structure study of α-lipoic acid suggests that its antioxidant potential is responsible for its anti-disease activities.

However, preclinical and clinical studies form the foundation of much of the discussion presented here. As a result, α-lipoic acid has powerful anti-disease properties, such as those against cancer, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory diseases.

Several potential molecular targets have been investigated in relation to a variety of diseases. The capacity of this substance to neutralize ROS, lessen oxidative stress, and trigger apoptosis is the fundamental mechanism underlying its effectiveness against various diseases and chronic disorders.

In all the clinical trials that were conducted with α-lipoic acid, it was either used alone or in conjunction with other medications.

The safe dose for action was reported to be between and mg per day for the term stated for each illness condition. In the context of COVID, it is also hypothesized as a repurposed drug to investigate the inhibitory action on new molecular targets.

However, it is important to design computational studies and in vitro and in vivo investigations to offer comprehensive proof. Based on the information presented here, α-lipoic acid is useful in the treatment of reproductive diseases, which has been briefly explored in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Despite all these reports and multiple clinical trials, it has not yet been approved for use in humans. Although its bioavailability is increased in the form of nanoformulations, α-lipoic acid changes the metabolism and bioavailability of co-administered medicines when taken in combination.

Despite there being few active clinical trials, this chemical is the subject of an increasing number of publications. As new information about the health benefits of α-lipoic acid will be gathered, its use in the clinic is more likely to be widely accepted.

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Liu W, Shi LJ, Li SG The immunomodulatory effect of alpha-lipoic acid in autoimmune diseases. BioMed Res Int Liu Z, Guo J, Sun H, Huang Y, Zhao R, Yang X Biochimie α-lipoic acid attenuates LPS-induced liver injury by improving mitochondrial function in association with GR mitochondrial DNA occupancy.

Biochimie — Lyseng-Williamson KA, Fenton C Docetaxel Drugs — Maldonado-Rojas W, Olivero-Verbel J, Ortega-Zuñiga C Searching of protein targets for alpha lipoic acid.

J Braz Chem Soc — Malgras B, Berger A, Bazeries P, Aubé C, Boudiaf M, Soyer P Imaging of complications of colonic stents. In: Tonolini, M. eds Imaging complications of gastrointestinal and biliopancreatic endoscopy procedures. Springer, Cham. Marangon K, Devaraj S, Tirosh O, Packer L, Jialal I Comparison of the effect of α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol supplementation on measures of oxidative stress.

Free Radic Biol Med — Metwaly HH, Fathy SA, Abdel Moneim MM, Emam MA, Soliman AF, El-Naggar ME, Omara EA, El-Bana MA Chitosan and solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of alpha-lipoic acid against experimental neurotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods — Moffa S, Improta I, Rocchetti S, Mezza T, Giaccari A Potential cause-effect relationship between insulin autoimmune syndrome and alpha lipoic acid: two case reports.

Nutrition —4. Moon H Chemopreventive effects of alpha lipoic acid on obesity-related cancers. Ann Nutr Metab — Moura FA, Andrade KQ, Santos JCF, Goulart MOF Lipoic acid: its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role and clinical applications Na MH, Seo EY, Kim WK Effects of α-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB human breast cells.

Nutr Res Pract — Namazi N, Larijani B, Azadbakht L Alpha-lipoic acid supplement in obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Clin Nutr — Omran OM, Omer OH The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on breast of female albino rats exposed to malathion: histopathological and immunohistochemical study.

Pathol Res Pract — Ou P, Tritschler HJ, Wolff SP Thioctic lipoic acid: a therapeutic metal-chelating antioxidant? Biochem Pharmacol — Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant.

Park S, Karunakaran U, Ho Jeoung N, Jeon JH, Lee IK Physiological effect and therapeutic application of alpha lipoic acid. Curr Med Chem — Phulara SC, Pandey S, Jha A, Chauhan PS, Gupta P, Shukla V Hemiterpene compound, 3,3-dimethylallyl alcohol promotes longevity and neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Geroscience — Rezaie M, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani MH, Zarrindast MR, Nasiri Khalili MA The protective effect of alpha lipoic acid ALA on social interaction memory, but not passive avoidance in sleep-deprived rats. N-S Arch Pharmacol — Rogers SA Lipoic acid as a potential first agent for protection from mycotoxins and treatment of mycotoxicosis.

Arch Environ Health — Roob JM, Khoschsorur G, Tiran A, Horina JH, Holzer H, Winklhofer-Roob BM Vitamin E attenuates oxidative stress induced by intravenous iron in patients on hemodialysis.

J Am Soc Nephrol — Rousseau AS, Sibille B, Murdaca J, Mothe-Satney I, Grimaldi PA, Neels JG Α-lipoic acid up-regulates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor b in skeletal muscle: involvement of the JNK signaling pathway.

Alpha-lipoic acid is an Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support, sulfate-based Pre-game nutrition for golf produced immunee plants, suppor, and animals. As Antioxidant vegetable sources potent znd and a spuport dithiol compound, it performs a anr role in mitochondrial bioenergetic reactions. Delicious sunflower seeds healthy human body, on the other hand, can synthesize enough Skinfold measurement errors and precautions acid to scavenge reactive oxygen species and increase endogenous antioxidants; however, the amount of α-lipoic acid inside the body decreases significantly with age, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Molecular orbital energy and spin density analysis indicate that the sulfhydryl -SH group of molecules has the greatest electron donating activity, which would be responsible for the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity. α-Lipoic acid acts as a chelating agent for metal ions, a quenching agent for reactive oxygen species, and a reducing agent for the oxidized form of glutathione and vitamins C and E. α-Lipoic acid enantiomers and its reduced form have antioxidant, cognitive, cardiovascular, detoxifying, anti-aging, dietary supplement, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Water temperature is a Alpha-liopic environmental factor affecting fish activity, physiology, behavior, immune growth. Alpha lipoic Xupport ALA anti-viral surface cleaner garnered much attention lately as imnune aqua feed supplement because wnd its antioxidant effects. Thus, this supporg aimed Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support assess the effect of dietary ALA on performance, hematological and immunological indices, behavior and oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genetic inflammation in Oreochromis niloticus following 60 days of cold stress. The results revealed that dietary ALA supplementation significantly improved feed utilization and growth in fish. ALA also mitigated CWS-induced microcytic hypochromic anemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, ALA supplementation considerably enhanced the antioxidant status and boosted intestinal α amylase, lipase, protease, and serum acetylcholinesterase activity of CWS-exposed fish.

Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support -

A major benefit of alpha lipoic supplementation in diabetics is the lowered risk for neuropathic complications that affect the heart, since around 25 percent of people with diabetes develop cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy CAN.

CAN is characterized by reduced heart rate variability and is associated with an increased risk of mortality in people with diabetes. Oxidative stress can damage nerves in the eyes and cause vision problems, especially in people with diabetes or older adults.

Results from certain studies demonstrate that long-term use of ALA can halt oxidative damage that can result in modified DNA in the retina. Some health care professionals use alpha lipoic acid supplements to further help prevent their patients from experiencing neuron damage, memory loss, motor impairment and changes in cognitive functioning due to its antioxidant activity.

ALA seems to easily make its way into the brain by passing the blood-brain barrier, where it can protect delicate brain and nerve tissue. In adults, alpha lipoic acid supplementation also seems to positively impact patients with immune deficiency syndromes and serious viruses.

It does this by restoring blood total glutathione levels and improving functional reactivity of lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens. These are cells in the immune system that fight pathogens.

When it comes to battling physical signs of aging on the skin, certain studies have found that topical treatment creams containing 5 percent alpha lipoic acid can help reduce fine lines caused by exposure to sun ways. ALA is thought to act as an anti-aging substance because it helps restore skin tissues and epidermal structure while battling free radicals.

Due to its ability to help convert foods into nutrients, ALA may help increase energy metabolism, which is why some athletes use ALA supplements for enhanced physical performance. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials also found that ALA treatment significantly reduced BMI and body weight and may protect against obesity.

What are the side effects of taking alpha lipoic acid? Side effects of ALA in supplement form are generally rare, but for some people they can include :. The best way to get any nutrients is ideally through real food sources, since this is how your body knows how to absorb and use various chemicals best.

That being said, when you eat a whole food-based diet and vary the types of things you eat, chances are you consume a decent amount in addition to what your body already makes on its own.

Taking oral ALA supplements with a meal is believed to decrease its bioavailability, so most experts recommend taking it on an empty stomach or at least one hour before or after for the best results. How do you know if you should take ALA supplements? For example, what are symptoms of alpha-lipoic acid deficiency?

Most people make enough to prevent a deficiency, although supplements can be helpful for those prone to diabetes, stroke, heart disease or glaucoma. A true lipoic acid deficiency called lipoic acid synthetase deficiency is a rare type of neurometabolic disease.

When someone has this disease, that person works with a doctor to help treat symptoms using supplementation. A general dosage recommendation for alpha lipoic acid supplementation is between20—50 milligrams per day for adults.

This amount seems to be beneficial for general preventative health. Larger doses up to — milligrams per day are sometimes used in patients with diabetes or cognitive disorders but not recommended for the general public. Dosage recommendations differ depending on whom you ask, but below are some general guidelines that are within the safe range:.

Who should not take alpha lipoic acid? Some potential interactions, or circumstances where you want to speak to your doctor before taking extra alpha lipoic supplements, include:.

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ALA, it is considered to be a universal and unique Alpja-lipoic because it is both fat and water Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support. Alpha Enhancing athletic performance acid scid a compound found naturally inside Pre-game nutrition for golf cell acud the body. It's needed by the body to produce the energy for our body's normal functions. Alpha lipoic acid is a substance that neutralizes potentially harmful chemicals called free radicals. The cells in our body are constantly battling free radical damage caused by toxins and other substances. Antioxidants, such as ALA, scavenge these free radicals and prevent cellular damage.

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: Alpha-lipoic acid and immune support

Alpha-lipoic acid Information | Mount Sinai - New York	If you have diabetes, this is an essential supplement for naturally improving your symptom management routines. ALA will allow your own glutathione production to be better and more effective. It also will help to combat excessive levels of damaging metals in our industrialized environments. Alpha-Lipoic Acid is one of the best supplements you can take to enhance your overall wellness. This is why I decided to develop my own high-potency ALA supplement, which is now available on The Healing Sole website. CareCredit Pay Online Resources Blog. P: F: CareCredit Pay Online Resources BLOG. Warner Medical Marijuana Providers Meredith Warner, MD Kyle Lindow, DPM Danielle Imarata, PT, DPT Lauren Broussard APRN Orthopedic Surgeon Podiatrist Educational Seminars Contact Blog. Why You Should Be Taking Alpha-Lipoic Acid April 16, Education Uncategorized Usefull info Links. How Alpha Lipoic Acid Works. How Free Radicals Can Harm Your Health. Taking ALA as a supplement is just one way to do this for ourselves. How The Body Naturally Relieves Oxidative Stress. Try Alpha Lipoic Acid Today! Back to Blog. Schedule an Appointment. Copyright © all rights reserved. Built by Tech Advocate Group. Reed LJ. A trail of research from lipoic acid to alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. J Biol Chem. Carreau JP. Biosynthesis of lipoic acid via unsaturated fatty acids. Methods Enzymol. Smith AR, Shenvi SV, Widlansky M, Suh JH, Hagen TM. Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. Kramer K, Packer L. R-alpha-lipoic acid. In: Kramer K, Hoppe P, Packer L, eds. Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease Prevention. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. Mayr JA, Feichtinger RG, Tort F, Ribes A, Sperl W. Lipoic acid biosynthesis defects. J Inherit Metab Dis. Hermann R, Niebch G, Borbe H, et al. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of different racemic alpha-lipoic acid formulations in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci. Teichert J, Hermann R, Ruus P, Preiss R. Plasma kinetics, metabolism, and urinary excretion of alpha-lipoic acid following oral administration in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. Gleiter CH, Schug BS, Hermann R, Elze M, Blume HH, Gundert-Remy U. Influence of food intake on the bioavailability of thioctic acid enantiomers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. Brufani M, Figliola R. R -alpha-lipoic acid oral liquid formulation: pharmacokinetic parameters and therapeutic efficacy. Acta Biomed. Maglione E, Marrese C, Migliaro E, et al. Increasing bioavailability of R -alpha-lipoic acid to boost antioxidant activity in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Breithaupt-Grogler K, Niebch G, Schneider E, et al. Dose-proportionality of oral thioctic acid--coincidence of assessments via pooled plasma and individual data. Evans JL, Heymann CJ, Goldfine ID, Gavin LA. Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and fructosamine-lowering effect of a novel, controlled-release formulation of alpha-lipoic acid. Endocr Pract. Keith DJ, Butler JA, Bemer B, et al. Age and gender dependent bioavailability of R- and R,S-alpha-lipoic acid: a pilot study. Pharmacol Res. Hiltunen JK, Autio KJ, Schonauer MS, Kursu VA, Dieckmann CL, Kastaniotis AJ. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and respiration. Biochim Biophys Acta. Bustamante J, Lodge JK, Marcocci L, Tritschler HJ, Packer L, Rihn BH. Alpha-lipoic acid in liver metabolism and disease. Free Radic Biol Med. Jones W, Li X, Qu ZC, Perriott L, Whitesell RR, May JM. Uptake, recycling, and antioxidant actions of alpha-lipoic acid in endothelial cells. Kozlov AV, Gille L, Staniek K, Nohl H. Dihydrolipoic acid maintains ubiquinone in the antioxidant active form by two-electron reduction of ubiquinone and one-electron reduction of ubisemiquinone. Arch Biochem Biophys. May JM, Qu ZC, Mendiratta S. Protection and recycling of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocytes by intracellular ascorbic acid. Upston JM, Terentis AC, Stocker R. Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation of lipoproteins: implications for vitamin E as a potential antiatherogenic supplement. Faseb J. Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MT. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Doraiswamy PM, Finefrock AE. Metals in our minds: therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet Neurol. Ou P, Tritschler HJ, Wolff SP. Thioctic lipoic acid: a therapeutic metal-chelating antioxidant? Biochem Pharmacol. Suh JH, Zhu BZ, deSzoeke E, Frei B, Hagen TM. Dihydrolipoic acid lowers the redox activity of transition metal ions but does not remove them from the active site of enzymes. Redox Rep. Suh JH, Moreau R, Heath SH, Hagen TM. Dietary supplementation with R -alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-related accumulation of iron and depletion of antioxidants in the rat cerebral cortex. Yamamoto H, Watanabe T, Mizuno H, et al. The antioxidant effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on copper-induced acute hepatitis in Long-Evans Cinnamon LEC rats. Free Radic Res. Patrick L. Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: Part 1: role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity. Altern Med Rev. Rooney JP. The role of thiols, dithiols, nutritional factors and interacting ligands in the toxicology of mercury. Hagen TM, Vinarsky V, Wehr CM, Ames BN. R -alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-associated increase in susceptibility of hepatocytes to tert-butylhydroperoxide both in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal. Busse E, Zimmer G, Schopohl B, Kornhuber B. Influence of alpha-lipoic acid on intracellular glutathione in vitro and in vivo. Monette JS, Gomez LA, Moreau RF, et al. R -alpha-Lipoic acid treatment restores ceramide balance in aging rat cardiac mitochondria. Suh JH, Shenvi SV, Dixon BM, et al. Decline in transcriptional activity of Nrf2 causes age-related loss of glutathione synthesis, which is reversible with lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Suh JH, Wang H, Liu RM, Liu J, Hagen TM. R -alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-related loss in GSH redox status in post-mitotic tissues: evidence for increased cysteine requirement for GSH synthesis. Zhang J, Zhou X, Wu W, Wang J, Xie H, Wu Z. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Fratantonio D, Speciale A, Molonia MS, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid, but not di-hydrolipoic acid, activates Nrf2 response in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and protects against TNF-alpha induced endothelium dysfunction. Sena CM, Cipriano MA, Botelho MF, Seica RM. Lipoic acid prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in Goto Kakizaki rats by reducing oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation. Int J Mol Sci. Pilar Valdecantos M, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Pardo V, et al. Essential role of Nrf2 in the protective effect of lipoic acid against lipoapoptosis in hepatocytes. Fayez AM, Zakaria S, Moustafa D. Biomed Pharmacother. Lin YC, Lai YS, Chou TC. The protective effect of alpha-lipoic Acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury is mediated by heme oxygenase Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Segal AW. The function of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes and its relationship to other NOXs in plants, invertebrates, and mammals. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. Dong Y, Wang H, Chen Z. Int J Endocrinol. Byun E, Lim JW, Kim JM, Kim H. alpha-Lipoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase in gastric epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm. Konrad D. Utilization of the insulin-signaling network in the metabolic actions of alpha-lipoic acid-reduction or oxidation? Diesel B, Kulhanek-Heinze S, Holtje M, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid as a directly binding activator of the insulin receptor: protection from hepatocyte apoptosis. Estrada DE, Ewart HS, Tsakiridis T, et al. Yaworsky K, Somwar R, Ramlal T, Tritschler HJ, Klip A. Engagement of the insulin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of glucose transport by alpha-lipoic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ying Z, Kampfrath T, Sun Q, Parthasarathy S, Rajagopalan S. Evidence that alpha-lipoic acid inhibits NF-kappaB activation independent of its antioxidant function. Inflamm Res. Smith AR, Hagen TM. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in aging: loss of Akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and partial restoration by R -alpha-lipoic acid. Biochem Soc Trans. Wang Y, Li X, Guo Y, Chan L, Guan X. alpha-Lipoic acid increases energy expenditure by enhancing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha signaling in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. Moura FA, de Andrade KQ, dos Santos JC, Goulart MO. Lipoic acid: its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role and clinical applications. Curr Top Med Chem. Packer L, Cadenas E. Lipoic acid: energy metabolism and redox regulation of transcription and cell signaling. J Clin Biochem Nutr. Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res. Shay KP, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Smith AR, Hagen TM. Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Mayr JA, Zimmermann FA, Fauth C, et al. Lipoic acid synthetase deficiency causes neonatal-onset epilepsy, defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, and glycine elevation. Am J Hum Genet. Tort F, Ferrer-Cortes X, Thio M, et al. Mutations in the lipoyltransferase LIPT1 gene cause a fatal disease associated with a specific lipoylation defect of the 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Hum Mol Genet. Ziegler D. Thioctic acid for patients with symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: a critical review. Treat Endocrinol. Nathan DM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, et al. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care. Diabetes Care. Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL, et al. Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. Jacob S, Rett K, Henriksen EJ, Haring HU. Thioctic acid--effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose-metabolism. de Oliveira AM, Rondo PH, Luzia LA, D'Abronzo FH, Illison VK. The effects of lipoic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Akbari M, Ostadmohammadi V, Lankarani KB, et al. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on glucose control and lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Roberts AC, Porter KE. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res. Heitzer T, Finckh B, Albers S, Krohn K, Kohlschutter A, Meinertz T. Beneficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid on endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in diabetic patients: relation to parameters of oxidative stress. Heinisch BB, Francesconi M, Mittermayer F, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid improves vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Eur J Clin Invest. Xiang G, Pu J, Yue L, Hou J, Sun H. alpha-lipoic acid can improve endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Xiang GD, Sun HL, Zhao LS, Hou J, Yue L, Xu L. The antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid improves endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperglycaemia during OGTT in impaired glucose tolerance. Clin Endocrinol Oxf. Sola S, Mir MQ, Cheema FA, et al. Irbesartan and lipoic acid improve endothelial function and reduce markers of inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: results of the Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Dysfunction ISLAND study. This item is non-returnable, but if the item arrives damaged or defective, you may request a refund or replacement. Read full return policy. Eligible for Refund or Replacement. Add gift options. Add to Wish List. Added to. Unable to add item to Wish List. Please try again. Sorry, there was a problem. There was an error retrieving your wish lists. List unavailable. Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA mg 90 Capsules Celex Laboratories Supplements. Image Unavailable Image not available for Colour:. VIDEOS ° VIEW IMAGES. Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA mg 3 X 90 Capsules Glucose Leveler Immune System Boosting Supplement. 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Lipoic Acid | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University	It is tightly connected to oxidation. ALA is not only a powerful antioxidant itself but it also regenerates other antioxidants. One of the antioxidants ALA recycles is vitamin E, which slows the progression of macular degeneration. Alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to improve vision and slow the progression of macular degeneration. Mounting evidence suggests that ALA might have immunomodulatory effects on both the adaptive and innate immune systems by providing the necessary back-up support to all immune cells. Migraines have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. ALA is beneficial in both cases. In migraine sufferers alpha lipoic acid has shown the ability to reduce the frequency, duration, and intensity of migraines. ALA also increases the efficacy of the migraine medication topiramate. According to the research, the combination of ALA and topiramate is significantly more effective than either drug alone in reducing the frequency and duration of migraines. ALA may also protect the body against toxic metal contaminants found in the environment and food supply. It works by chelating these dangerous agents, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury and rendering them inactive so that they can be removed by the body. In multiple studies alpha lipoic acid has been shown to provide protection against arsenic poisoning and to safeguard the liver against the effects of cadmium exposure. Studies also revealed that lipoic acid helped protect the delicate nervous system against the harmful effects of mercury poisoning. Another benefit of alpha-lipoic acid is its contribution to healthier skin. At one end of the spectrum are teenagers and young people who find ALA fights acne, dry skin, and other common dermatological issues. At the other end, older adults turn to ALA to preserve suppleness and help counteract the natural effects of aging such as collagen breakdown. ALA also speeds up wound healing in patients with chronic wounds. While the idea of maintaining a youthful appearance into extreme old age remains in the realm of fiction, evidence shows that ALA, supplementation could help slow aging. Multiple s tudies show that ALA is beneficial in certain autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis RA and multiple sclerosis. ALA has been shown to reduce inflammation and degeneration of the optic nerve and spinal cord. For this reason, the role of ALA supplementation cannot be undermined. ALA is commonly found in vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, with smaller amounts found in potatoes, sweet potatoes, brussels sprouts, peas, and tomatoes. ALA is also found in meats, particularly organ meats, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. Rejuvii offers alpha-lipoic acid drip which might be very beneficial for your journey. lipoic ALA MS migraine immunity skin vision weightloss inflammation neuropathy. Detox Diaries- Laughing Our Toxins Away with IV Vitamin Therapy! Li M, Kong Y, Wu X, Yin Z, Niu X, Wang G Dietary α-lipoic acid can alleviate the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation induced by lead Pb in Channa argus. Li R-x, Amenyogbe E, Lu Y, Jin J-h, Xie R-t, Huang J-s a Effects of low-temperature stress on intestinal structure, enzyme activities and metabolomic analysis of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Front Mar Sci Macrobrachium Nipponense Aquac Res Liu B, Wang M, Xie J, Xu P, Ge X, He Y et al Effects of acute cold stress on serum biochemical and immune parameters and liver HSP70 gene expression in GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Acta Ecol Sin — CAS Google Scholar. 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Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Alzeraa Street, Zagazig, , Sharkia Province, Egypt. Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo BUC , Badr City, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt. Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Ras Sidr, Egypt. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt. Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt. Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinic, Zagazig University, Zagazig, , Egypt. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. AB: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and writing—original draft. HAG: conceptualization, methodology, and writing—review and editing. NAA-A: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and writing—review and editing. WE-H: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, software, data curation, and writing—original draft. AHA: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, visualization, and writing—review and editing. MMMM: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and writing—review and editing. BAE: conceptualization, software, data curation, visualization, resources, and writing—review and editing. AAA-S: conceptualization, software, and writing—review and editing. EMMM: conceptualization, software, and writing—review and editing. Correspondence to Adham A. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. Behairy, A. et al. Dietary alpha-lipoic acid boosts growth, immune-antioxidant traits, behavior, and transcriptomes of antioxidant, apoptosis, and immune-related genes to combat cold stress in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquacult Int Download citation. Received : 17 October Accepted : 07 December Published : 23 December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Water temperature is a major environmental factor affecting fish activity, physiology, behavior, and growth. Effects of extended dietary supplementation with Santalum album essential oil on hemato-biochemical changes, innate immune response, antioxidant status, and expression of related gene in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Article 01 February The effects of Bacillus species probiotics Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis on the water quality, immune responses, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Fusarium solani infection Article Open access 06 July Nano-selenium impacts on growth performance, digestive enzymes, antioxidant, immune resistance and histopathological scores of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Aspergillus flavus infection Article Open access 30 August Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. Introduction Increases in tilapia production Oreochromis Spp. Materials and methods Diet preparation ALA C 8 H 14 O 2 S 2 Thiotacid was supplied by the Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Company 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt. Table 2 Oligonucleotide primer sequences and real-time PCR conditions Full size table. Results Clinical observation Throughout the feeding trial, fish that reared at 25 °C and fed a basal diet or ALA-fortified diet displayed a normal appetite and normal swimming behavior during the experimental period. niloticus exposed to cold water stress CWS for 60 days Full size table. Table 4 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the hematophysiological parameters of O. Table 5 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the serum biochemical parameters of O. Full size image. Table 6 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the behavioral responses of O. Table 7 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid ALA supplementation on the Histological criteria of liver, spleen, and intestine of O. Discussion The study findings demonstrated an elevated stress response after fish exposure to CWS 18 °C for 60 days on the hemato-biochemical, immunological, behavioral, and molecular markers. Conclusion This study concluded that cold exposure at 18 °C causes oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in Nile tilapia. Abbreviations AChE: Acetylcholine esterase ALA: Alpha lipoic acid C3: Complement 3 CAT: Catalase CWS: Cold water- stress FBW: Final body weight FCR: Feed conversion ratio GPx: Glutathione peroxidase Hb: Hemoglobin Hsp Heat shock protein IBW: Initial body weight IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCV: Mean corpuscular volume MDA: Malondialdehyde Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCV: Packed cell volume RBCs: Red blood cells ROS: Reactive oxygen species SGR: Specific growth rate SOD: Superoxide dismutase TWG: Total weight gain WBCs: White blood cell counts. References Abdel Hamid DZ, Nienaa YA, Mostafa TM Alpha-lipoic acid improved anemia, erythropoietin resistance, maintained glycemic control, and reduced cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled study. 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Alpha Lipoic Acid is engineered to regulate healthier blood sugar levels and provide better glucose control to the body to maximize the benefits of healthy diets. The immune system's wellbeing is absolutely crucial in fending off external bacteria and viruses. Therefore, VORST's Alpha Lipoic Acid is boosted with Vitamin C and E to to expedite the fortification process of the immune system so it can focus on protecting the body. In the attempt to reduce or even prevent future nerve pains, Alpha Lipoic Acid can be a great addition for the fight and may even promote and maintain healthy nerves in the long run. VORST's Alpha Lipoic Acid may also be of help in reducing the risk of diabetic eye damage. Packed and sealed in a dark green bottle to protect the capsules from sunlight and humidity. Also features a unique flip-top cap for easy and intentional capsule dispensing. The VORST team believes the best sources of nutrients come from Mother Nature. Our trained team members carefully select, source and process all raw ingredients to ensure our consumers receive the complete health value that comes from nature. We at VORST stand by our products and services with confidence. We strive to provide the best over-the-counter supplements with natural ingredients to ensure our customers get the benefits they need without the harmful chemicals. Here at VORST, clients are like family just like how our ingredients are close to home. All VORST products are made from carefully selected Canadian ingredients and manufactured in our Good Manufacturing Practices GMP Certified Laboratory located in Vancouver, BC. Found a lower price? Let us know. Although we can't match every price reported, we'll use your feedback to ensure that our prices remain competitive. Disclaimer :While we work to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. 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Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA mg 3 X 90 Capsules Glucose Leveler Immune System Boosting Supplement. Visit the Vorst Store. Search this page. Size : count Pack of 1. Purchase options and add-ons. Brand Vorst Primary supplement type Alpha Lipoic Acid Unit count Certified Halal. Additional details.
Alpha Lipoic Acid Benefits: Help Improve Insulin Sensitivity & Fight Diabetes	J Alzheimers Dis. Here at VORST, clients are like family just like how our ingredients are close to home. Conversely, the only cold stress exposure at 18 °C elicited a significant reduction in antioxidants, including SOD The behavior measures were conducted throughout the study between am and pm hours using a stopwatch and a video camera. Alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to improve vision and slow the progression of macular degeneration. Abbreviations AChE: Acetylcholine esterase ALA: Alpha lipoic acid C3: Complement 3 CAT: Catalase CWS: Cold water- stress FBW: Final body weight FCR: Feed conversion ratio GPx: Glutathione peroxidase Hb: Hemoglobin Hsp Heat shock protein IBW: Initial body weight IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCV: Mean corpuscular volume MDA: Malondialdehyde Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCV: Packed cell volume RBCs: Red blood cells ROS: Reactive oxygen species SGR: Specific growth rate SOD: Superoxide dismutase TWG: Total weight gain WBCs: White blood cell counts.