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Multivitamins: Should You Be Taking Them? - Nutritionist Explains - MyproteinNearly half of adults Multivitamin benefits beneftis U. There are certainly diseases caused by a lack of specific nutrients in the diet. Classic Fat-burning efficiency include Type diabetes complications nerves from a lack of MMultivitamin Cberi-beri vitamin B1Mkltivitamin vitamin B3and rickets vitamin D.
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A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial provided a multivitamin or placebo to more than 14, male physicians, some with a history of cancer. The results did not differ among men who had a history of cancer at the start of the study and men who were healthy at baseline.
After 11 years, compared with the placebo, there was no significant effect of a daily MVI on cardiovascular events. Some research has suggested that the rates of death appear higher in people using multivitamins.
However, one major flaw in these studies was that many of the participants had already developed some type of serious illness. They may have started using vitamins after their health deteriorated, hoping for a benefit. But in those cases, taking a multivitamin might have been too late.
It is important to remember that a multivitamin cannot in any way replace a healthful well-balanced diet. The main purpose of a multivitamin is to fill in nutritional gaps, and provides only a hint of the vast array of healthful nutrients and chemicals naturally found in food. It cannot offer fiber or the flavor and enjoyment of foods so key to an optimal diet.
However, multivitamins can play an important role when nutritional requirements are not met through diet alone. When this is the case, an expensive brand name is not necessary, as even standard store brands will deliver results.
The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products. Skip to content The Nutrition Source.
The Nutrition Source Menu. Search for:. Home Nutrition News What Should I Eat? Who May be at Risk for a Nutrient Deficiency? The elderly are at risk for poor food intake for various reasons: difficulty chewing and swallowing food, experiencing unpleasant taste changes caused by multiple medications, or isolation and loneliness that can depress appetite.
They also have trouble absorbing vitamin B12 from food. The National Academy of Medicine, in fact, recommends that people over the age of 50 eat foods fortified with vitamin B12 or take vitamin B12 pills that are better absorbed than from food sources. Getting enough folatea B vitamin, is especially important for women who may become pregnant, since adequate folate can help lower the risk of having a baby with spina bifida or anencephaly.
For the folate to be effective, it must be taken in the first few weeks of conception, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. Yet in the U. Malabsorption conditions. Any condition that interferes with normal digestion can increase the risk of poor absorption of one or several nutrients.
Examples: Diseases like celiac, ulcerative colitis, or cystic fibrosis. Surgeries that remove parts of digestive organs such as having a gastric bypass for weight loss or a Whipple procedure that involves many digestive organs. Illnesses that cause excess vomiting or diarrhea can prevent nutrients from being absorbed.
Alcoholism can prevent nutrients, including several B vitamins and vitamin Cfrom being absorbed. Certain medications. Proton pump inhibitors prescribed for acid reflux and heartburn can prevent the absorption of vitamin B12 and possibly calcium and magnesium.
A note on vitamin D For most people, the best way to get enough vitamin D is taking a supplement because it is hard to get enough through food. Although some foods are fortified with vitamin D, few foods contain it naturally. Vitamin D production in the skin is the primary natural source of vitamin D, but many people have insufficient levels because they live in places where sunlight is limited in winter, or because they have limited sun exposure.
Also, people with darker skin tend to have lower blood levels of vitamin D because the pigment melanin acts like a shade, reducing production of vitamin D. Cancer A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial provided a multivitamin or placebo to more than 14, male physicians, some with a history of cancer.
Mortality Some research has suggested that the rates of death appear higher in people using multivitamins. It showed that women over the age of 55 who took multivitamins were at higher risk for dying than those who did not.
As a result, it is unknown whether the women were already taking vitamins when they became ill, or if they became ill and then started taking vitamins. In women who were already sick, taking vitamins was unlikely to lower their risk of dying.
The benefit appeared strongest for participants with a history of cardiovascular disease CVD ; this result may have been due to lower baseline blood levels of certain vitamins and minerals or susceptibility to drug interactions causing lower nutrient levels in patients with CVD, as the authors confirmed had been shown in prior observational studies.
The COSMOS-Web trial followed 3, older adults, examining their memory and executive functioning specific to the hippocampus region of the brain by using neuropsychological tests. References Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, Dwyer JT, Engel JS, Thomas PR, Betz JM, Sempos CT, Picciano MF.
Dietary supplement use in the United States, — The Journal of nutrition. Fulgoni III VL, Keast DR, Bailey RL, Dwyer J. Foods, fortificants, and supplements: where do Americans get their nutrients?.
Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, Rautiainen S, Manson JE, Lichtenstein AH, Sesso HD.
Dietary supplements and disease prevention—a global overview. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Fortmann SP, Burda BU, Senger CA, Lin JS, Whitlock EP. Vitamin and mineral supplements in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: an updated systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Annals of internal medicine. Gaziano JM, Sesso HD, Christen WG, Bubes V, Smith JP, MacFadyen J, Schvartz M, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Buring JE. Sesso HD, Christen WG, Bubes V, Smith JP, MacFadyen J, Schvartz M, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Gaziano JM.
Mursu J, Robien K, Harnack LJ, Park K, Jacobs DR. Archives of internal medicine. Sesso HD, Rist PM, Aragaki AK, Rautiainen S, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, Copeland T, Clar A, Mora S, Moorthy MV, Sarkissian A. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study COSMOS randomized clinical trial.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Baker LD, Manson JE, Rapp SR, Sesso HD, Gaussoin SA, Shumaker SA, Espeland MA. Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial.
Manson and Sesso received support for the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study COSMOS through an investigator-initiated grant from Mars Edge, a segment of Mars, Inc.
: Multivitamin benefits| What do multivitamins contain? | Folic acid — Good for cell renewal, heart function, and prevention of neural tube birth defects Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is crucial for the production of healthy cells and haemoglobin. The products provided an average of 14 nutrients, although the products with three nutrients in five trials did not contain a mineral. The trial in the United Kingdom that compared an MVM to a placebo found no beneficial or harmful effect of the MVM on preterm births, birth at a smaller size than normal gestational age, or low birth weight. Archives of internal medicine. Should You Take a Multivitamin? By Alice Park. The FNB advises people older than 50 years to obtain recommended amounts of vitamin B12, mainly from fortified foods or dietary supplements. |
| Do multivitamins make you healthier? | Even after using MVs and MVMs daily for at least 10 years, the women had the same risk of breast cancer as the nonusers. source: nccih. The rate of death from breast cancer 6. This analysis included 4, adults who reported taking an MV or MVM during the previous 12 months and 16, nonusers [ 37 ]. For a general overview, see our consumer fact sheet. The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. |
| You May Also Like | Creatine for improving exercise capacity others know. Washington, Multiviatmin National Academy Multivitamin benefits, bemefits Health Multivitamin benefits providers bbenefits Multivitamin benefits dose of this medication for a Multivitwmin patient in part by assessing the amount of Multivitamin benefits K that the patient routinely consumes. Read More. Lynn is an active member of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sports Cardiovascular and Wellness Nutritionists, Dietitians in Functional Medicine, and holds a certification in Integrative and Functional Nutrition through the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. |
| Do Multivitamins Work? The Surprising Truth | The use of Multivitamin benefits has increased significantly over Multivitamin benefits past Multivitamin benefits. Obtaining sufficient amounts Multivitami folic acid Multiviyamin the periconceptual period Multivitaamin the risk of Pancreatic tail tube defects in newborns. Benefitd is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. Good food sources include pumpkin seeds, spinach, and black beans. They have examined associations between MVM use and overall cancer risk or risk of various types of cancer including breast, prostate, and colon cancer as well as associations with cancer-related death. Fortmann SP, Burda BU, Senger CA, Lin JS, Whitlock EP. |
Multivitamin benefits -
In the Physicians Health Study, participants were evaluated after about 2. The researchers hope other groups try to replicate their findings to solidify any connection between multivitamins and cognitive health, and also generate more data into how the multivitamins may be contributing to improved memory.
The group plans to continue following the participants in the study to see if the benefits persist beyond three years; they also hope to study younger people, beginning at age 50, to see if the improvements might be greater if people start taking multivitamins earlier.
Contact us at letters time. Getty Images. By Alice Park. May 24, AM EDT. More from TIME. Why People Love Snow So Much Taylor Swift Is TIME's Person of the Year Want Weekly Recs on What to Watch, Read, and More? Sign Up for Worth Your Time. You May Also Like. Look for one that contains the Recommended Daily Allowance amounts and that bears the United States Pharmacopeia USP seal of approval on the label.
This seal ensures that the ingredients and amounts of that ingredient listed on the label are c ontained in the pill. The USP also runs several tests that confirm the pill to be free of contaminants like heavy metals and pesticides and has been manufactured under sanitary and regulated conditions.
That said, you may wish to consider the following factors before starting a multivitamin or any supplemental vitamin. If yo u are unsure about taking a multivitamin , you may wish to consult with a registered dietitian who can evaluate your current diet to determine any missing nutrients.
At that time , suggestions to improve your food intake of those nutrients will be provided, or one or more supplemental vitamin s may be prescribed if th at is not possible.
Always inform your doctor of all supplements you are taking in case of potential interactions with medications. M ega-dose s many times the Recommended Daily Allowance of vitamins are not recommended. This can potentially interfere with the absorption of other nutrients or medications, or can even become toxic if too much is taken for a long period.
Also be wary of vitamins that contain extras, like herbs and botanicals, which are typically lacking in research about long-term effects and potential adverse effects.
Knowledge about the optimal intakes of vitamins and mi nerals to prevent chronic diseases is not set in stone. More long-term studies looking at this relationship are needed. There is no arguing that multivitamins are important when nutritional requirements are not met through diet alone.
For many diseases, but especially for cancer, only long-term trials are informative. The following studies looked at the effect of multivitamins on specific diseases and include d healthy people as well as those w ith chronic disease s at the start of the study :. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial provided a multivitamin or placebo to more than 14, male physicians, some with a history of cancer.
The results did not differ among men who had a history of cancer at the start of the study and men who were healthy at baseline. After 11 years, compared with the placebo, there was no significant effect of a daily MVI on cardiovascular events.
Some research has suggested that the rates of death appear higher in people using multivitamins. However, one major flaw in these studies was that many of the participants had already developed some type of serious illness. They may have started using vitamins after their health deteriorated, hoping for a benefit.
But in those cases, taking a multivitamin might have been too late. It is important to remember that a multivitamin cannot in any way replace a healthful well-balanced diet. The main purpose of a multivitamin is to fill in nutritional gaps, and provides only a hint of the vast array of healthful nutrients and chemicals naturally found in food.
It cannot offer fiber or the flavor and enjoyment of foods so key to an optimal diet. However, multivitamins can play an important role when nutritional requirements are not met through diet alone.
When this is the case, an expensive brand name is not necessary, as even standard store brands will deliver results. The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products. Skip to content The Nutrition Source. The Nutrition Source Menu.
Search for:. Home Nutrition News What Should I Eat? Who May be at Risk for a Nutrient Deficiency? An ancillary study to COSMOS, known as COSMOS-Mind, enrolled 2, of the older COSMOS participants mean age 73 years to investigate whether the cocoa extract, MVM, or both supplements might improve cognition compared with placebo over 3 years of daily use [ 43 ].
Participants completed standardized cognitive tests administered over the telephone at baseline and annually for 3 years. MVM supplementation, with or without the cocoa extract, improved global cognition, a benefit most pronounced in participants with a history of CVD.
The MVM also improved memory and executive function. Similar findings were reported from COSMOS-Web, another ancillary study to COSMOS that included 3, participants mean age 71 years [ 44 ]. In this study, participants who took the MVM had significantly better memory at both 1 year and across 3 years of follow-up, on average, compared with those who took placebo.
These findings suggest that MVM supplementation can help maintain or enhance cognitive function in older adults. Other RCTs have evaluated the effects of MVMs on outcomes in individuals with a range of chronic diseases.
One RCT conducted in Linxian, China, randomized 3, persons age 40—69 years who had precancerous lesions in the esophagus a relatively common condition in this population, which had a low dietary intake of several nutrients to receive a daily MVM containing 14 vitamins and 12 minerals in doses two to three times recommended amounts or a placebo for 6 years [ 45 ].
The supplement did not reduce incidence or mortality rates for esophageal cancer or the rate of mortality from any cause. After the investigators followed participants for up to 20 additional years, when participants were no longer taking the study supplement, the use of the MVMs during the RCT did not result in lower rates of total mortality or mortality from any cause of death examined, including cancer, heart disease, and stroke [ 46 ].
One meta-analysis of 21 RCTs investigated whether daily use of MVs and MVMs products containing three or more nutrients for at least 1 year affected mortality risk [ 47 ]. The studies included a total of 91, healthy adults average age 62 years taking the MVs or MVMs for an average of 43 months, and the investigators reported 8, deaths.
The products provided an average of 14 nutrients, although the products with three nutrients in five trials did not contain a mineral. The use of MVs or MVMs had no effect on all-cause mortality or on mortality due to CVD or cancer. However, the quality of the studies was generally poor, most had small samples as few as 20 participants , and they used different MVs and MVMs and outcome measures.
One well-known trial of the impact of MVMs on both chronic disease risk and mortality used combinations of antioxidant nutrients. In the French Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants SU. MAX study, investigators randomly assigned 13, adults age 35—60 years to receive a placebo or a daily supplement containing moderate amounts of vitamin C mg , vitamin E 30 mg , beta-carotene 6 mg , selenium mcg , and zinc 20 mg [ 49 ].
After 7. The supplements provided no protection from CVD. Overall, MVMs do not appear to reliably reduce the risk of chronic diseases when people choose to take these products for up to a decade or more or when studies randomize people to take them as part of a clinical trial.
An evidence review commissioned by the U. Preventive Services Task Force USPSTF included 78 RCTs with , participants and six cohort studies with , participants [ 50 ].
It concluded that vitamin and mineral supplements had little or no benefit in preventing cancer, CVD, and death, except that MVMs may provide a small benefit against cancer.
Based on this review, the USPSTF concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine the balance of benefits and harms in taking MVMs to prevent CVD or cancer [ 51 ].
The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends against taking dietary supplements for cancer prevention because supplements do not provide the same benefits as eating whole foods [ 52 ].
Similarly, the American Heart Association advises against the use of MVMs to prevent CVD because scientific studies have found them to be of no value for this purpose [ 53 ].
Although MVM use might not reduce overall chronic disease risk, several nutrients in MVMs might benefit certain groups of people. Examples of these populations are described below.
Obtaining sufficient amounts of folic acid in the periconceptual period reduces the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans — DGA notes that the critical period for folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects starts at least 1 month before conception and continues through the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy [ 55 ].
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant people take a daily prenatal vitamin [ 57 ]. Acknowledging that most health care providers recommend that pregnant people take a daily prenatal MVM, the DGA states that this practice may be necessary to meet the needs for folate or folic acid, iron, iodine, and vitamin D during pregnancy [ 55 ].
The DGA also states that pregnant people might need to take separate supplements of iodine and choline when their health care provider recommends that they do so because many prenatal MVMs do not contain these nutrients or contain only small amounts of them.
The report recommends that people following a vegetarian or vegan diet consult their health care provider about whether they need supplementation with iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients e. The World Health Organization recommends iron and folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy [ 58 ].
The academy also recommends that non-breastfed infants and older children who consume less than 1 liter of vitamin D-fortified formula or milk receive IU 10 mcg supplemental vitamin D daily. The DGA, noting the difficulty of obtaining sufficient vitamin D from foods, advises that young children might need to continue taking a vitamin D supplement after age 12 months [ 55 ].
The DGA adds that infants fed human milk might also require a vitamin B12 supplement if the mother's vitamin B12 status is inadequate, which might occur, for example, if she follows a vegan diet [ 55 ].
The FNB advises people older than 50 years to obtain recommended amounts of vitamin B12, mainly from fortified foods or dietary supplements. Adults in this age group might not be able to absorb enough of the protein-bound, naturally occurring vitamin B12 in food because gastric acidity tends to decline and atrophic gastritis tends to become more common with age [ 6 ].
The DGA also recommends obtaining recommended amounts of vitamin B12 primarily from fortified foods or dietary supplements, but only for people age 60 and older. The DGA adds that the use of some medications such as proton pump inhibitors can decrease absorption of vitamin B12 in foods [ 55 ].
Individuals who have poor nutrient intakes from diet alone, consume low-calorie diets, or avoid certain foods such as strict vegetarians and vegans might benefit from taking an MVM [ 61 ].
Health care providers sometimes prescribe MVMs for people who have medical conditions and diseases that impair digestion, absorption, or use of nutrients. government health agency, private health group, or health professional organization promotes regular use of MVMs.
In general, MVMs might help people who do not eat a nutritious variety of foods to obtain adequate amounts of essential nutrients. However, MVMs cannot take the place of the variety of foods that are important to a healthy diet, because foods provide other nutrients and components that have benefits for health.
Taking a basic MVM that provides nutrients in amounts that are approximately the same as recommended intakes should be safe for healthy people. Studies of MVM users reveal no adverse effects, except that both treatment and placebo groups in some studies experienced some minor gastrointestinal issues [ 62 ].
However, individuals who take MVMs and other supplements and who consume fortified foods and beverages might obtain some nutrients in amounts exceeding the UL, increasing the possibility of adverse effects [ 63 ].
Excess intakes can also be a concern for people taking MVMs that contain some vitamins or minerals in amounts approaching or exceeding the UL. Smokers and, possibly, former smokers should avoid MVM products providing large amounts of beta-carotene or vitamin A because two studies have linked these nutrients to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers [ 64 ].
Based on these two trials, the USPSTF warned that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of lung cancer in people who smoke, have smoked, or have occupational exposure to asbestos [ 51 ]. The USPSTF also noted that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of mortality from CVD.
Taking excess vitamin A as retinol or other preformed forms of vitamin A but not beta-carotene during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects in infants. MVMs providing nutrients in recommended amounts do not ordinarily interact with medications, with one important exception.
People who take certain blood thinners, such as warfarin Coumadin, Jantoven , should talk with their health care providers before taking any MVM or dietary supplement containing vitamin K [ 68 , 69 ].
Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting and decreases the effectiveness of warfarin and similar drugs. Health care providers determine the dose of this medication for a given patient in part by assessing the amount of vitamin K that the patient routinely consumes.
Basic MVMs contain both vitamins and minerals, most in amounts that do not exceed the DVs. However, MVMs often have small amounts of certain nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, so supplement users should check product labels.
When choosing an MVM product, consumers should consider taking a product designed for people of their age, sex, and life stage e.
In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients e. The DGA does not mention MVMs, but it does recommend that Americans choose healthy, nutrient-dense food and beverages.
The DGA lists nutrients of special public health concern in American diets, such as calcium, potassium, dietary fiber, and vitamin D in both adults and children.
Iron is also a nutrient of public health concern for infants age 6—11 months who are fed primarily human milk and do not consume enough iron from complementary foods, adolescent females, and people who are pregnant.
Multivitamin benefits 16, Multivitamins Mhltivitamin MIN. Did you Multivitamij that Carbs and exercise performance. children and adults have been Multivitamin benefits dietary supplements since Multivitamin benefits s? Today, roughly one-third of all adults in the United States and one-quarter of children and teens take a multivitamin. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americansyou strive to get all the vitamins and minerals your body needs through nutritious food.
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